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Dr. Luqman Javed
Veterinarian, DVM
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Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is an essential nutrient for dogs and humans. Dogs require it for carbohydrate metabolism, optimal growth, and efficient nerve function. Because dogs’ bodies don’t store the nutrient, they need to obtain it through what they eat. Pet foods that adhere to American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) guidelines contain thiamine. Read on for six food sources of thiamine for dogs.
Top 6 Food Sources High In Thiamine For Dogs
1. Brewer’s Yeast
Brewer’s yeast is rich in B vitamins, magnesium, iron, and zinc, essential for canine health. It promotes healthy skin, fur, liver function, and may help reduce anxiety in some pets. Brewer’s yeast can provide natural protection against fleas and ticks.
Brewer’s yeast can be added to your dog’s diet through powders and pills. It can be mixed into your pet’s wet food or given as chewable treats. However, due to its high calorie content, it should be given in moderation. Not suitable for all dogs, especially those with immune system issues or yeast sensitivities. It’s essential to consult with your vet before adding brewer’s yeast to your dog’s diet as it lacks vitamin B12, which is vital for dogs.
2. Organ Meat
Organ meats like liver and kidney are rich in thiamine, iron, copper, and vitamin A. However, vitamin A intake should be limited to about 5% of your dog’s diet to avoid excess intake. Commercial liver treats are an easy way to boost thiamine levels in your dog’s diet.
3. Muscle Meat
Chicken, turkey, elk, deer, beef, and pork are excellent sources of thiamine for dogs. While they have less vitamin B1 than organ meat, they still provide essential nutrition. Animal-based meats contain all the necessary B-vitamins for your dog. These meats are ideal for fulfilling your dog’s B-vitamin, protein, and overall nutritional needs.
Turkey and chicken are lower in fat and calories, suitable for dogs needing weight management. Meat-based treats are a convenient way to increase thiamine intake for dogs.
4. Fish
Fish like salmon, mackerel, halibut, and sardines offer a tasty way to supplement your pet’s thiamine intake naturally. They are low in calories, rich in healthy fats, antioxidants, amino acids, B vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids to support skin, coat, and joint health.
Cooked fish can be a treat for your dog but avoid raw fish on a raw meat diet due to the enzyme thiaminase present, which breaks down thiamine. Cooked fish is safe, as cooking removes thiaminase. Always consult with a vet or canine nutritionist when considering a raw meat diet for your dog.
5. Eggs
Eggs are a nutritious addition to your dog’s diet, providing protein, fatty acids, and vitamins like thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. They make great low-calorie and low-fat treats for dogs. Ensure eggs are pasteurized for dogs on a raw diet to prevent bacterial contamination.
Hard-boiled eggs are a simple and healthy treat enjoyed by many dogs. Chop them into small pieces for safe consumption.
6. Supplements
If your dog has a thiamine deficiency, supplements may be recommended by your vet for additional vitamin B1. These supplements are specially formulated for dogs with deficiencies and can be integrated into their daily meals. Ensure you use supplements specifically made for dogs and avoid using cat supplements for your dog.
What Are the Signs of Thiamine Deficiency?
Dogs with thiamine deficiency may show reduced appetite, muscle weakness, lethargy, gait changes, increased heart rate, stomach issues, altered reflexes, and tremors. Severe cases can lead to blindness, seizures, and even death if left untreated.
How Is Thiamine Deficiency Diagnosed?
Thiamine deficiency can be challenging to diagnose due to varied symptoms and potential underlying causes. Veterinarians rely on physical exams, behavioral information provided by dog owners, and blood tests to diagnose the condition and rule out other possible issues like liver disease. Diagnostic tools like EKGs and MRIs may also be used.
What Causes the Condition?
Thiamine deficiency can result from inadequate nutrient intake, heat-sensitive thiamine breakdown during food preparation, consumption of preservatives interfering with thiamine metabolism, ingestion of thiaminase-containing foods like raw fish, raw and vegetarian diets, certain medications, high carbohydrate diets, liver, and intestinal diseases.
How Is Thiamine Deficiency Treated in Dogs?
Treatment involves increasing vitamin B1 levels through injections and oral medication, followed by supplementation for maintenance. In addition, avoiding foods that hinder thiamine absorption and addressing underlying diseases contributing to the deficiency are vital. Treatment varies depending on the specific condition causing the deficiency.
Conclusion
Thiamine is crucial for nerve and metabolic functions in dogs. While high-quality commercial dog foods meet the AAFCO standards for thiamine, deficiencies can still occur, particularly in dogs with specific health issues or dietary factors. If you suspect your dog has a thiamine deficiency, prompt veterinary care is crucial for successful treatment.
Sources
- https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/243/5/javma.243.5.649.xml
- https://www.petmd.com/blogs/nutritionnuggets/jcoates/2013/dec/thiamine-deficiency-in-dogs-more-common-than-known-31123
- https://www.petmd.com/dog/nutrition/evr_multi_eggs_for_pets2
- https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/health-and-dog-care/health/health-and-care/a-z-of-health-and-care-issues/omega-3/
- https://www.petful.com/food/brewers-yeast-dog-treats/
Featured Image Credit: Karsten Winegeart, Unsplash